Meet An Atheist

The thoughts and rants of a proud member of one of the worlds most maligned and slandered groups.

Friday, August 18, 2006

The Cost of Creationism

The U.S. is slowly loosing it's place as the source of the 'cutting edge' of science. A friend of mine, a research PHD scientist, has told me that he knows countless colleages who are moving to Europe to do their research. The pressure from religionists and the right-wing politicians who support them are increasing the embarrasing statistics about the ignorance of science and evolution. What a shame for our country.

U.S. Lags World in Grasp of Genetics and Acceptance of Evolution

LiveScience Staff Writer
LiveScience.com Thu Aug 10, 5:45 PM ET

A comparison of peoples' views in 34 countries finds that the United States ranks near the bottom when it comes to public acceptance of evolution. Only Turkey ranked lower.

Among the factors contributing to America's low score are poor understanding of biology, especially genetics, the politicization of science and the literal interpretation of the Bible by a small but vocal group of American Christians, the researchers say.

“American Protestantism is more fundamentalist than anybody except perhaps the Islamic fundamentalist, which is why Turkey and we are so close,” said study co-author Jon Miller of Michigan State University.

The researchers combined data from public surveys on evolution collected from 32 European countries, the United States and Japan between 1985 and 2005. Adults in each country were asked whether they thought the statement “Human beings, as we know them, developed from earlier species of animals,” was true, false, or if they were unsure.

The study found that over the past 20 years:

  • The percentage of U.S. adults who accept evolution declined from 45 to 40 percent.
  • The percentage overtly rejecting evolution declined from 48 to 39 percent, however.
  • And the percentage of adults who were unsure increased, from 7 to 21 percent.

Of the other countries surveyed, only Turkey ranked lower, with about 25 percent of the population accepting evolution and 75 percent rejecting it. In Iceland, Denmark, Sweden and France, 80 percent or more of adults accepted evolution; in Japan, 78 percent of adults did.

The findings are detailed in the Aug. 11 issue of the journal Science.

Religion belief and evolution

The researchers also compared 10 independent variables—including religious belief, political ideology and understanding of concepts from genetics, or “genetic literacy”—between adults in America and nine European countries to determine whether these factors could predict attitudes toward evolution.

The analysis found that Americans with fundamentalist religious beliefs—defined as belief in substantial divine control and frequent prayer—were more likely to reject evolution than Europeans with similar beliefs. The researchers attribute the discrepancy to differences in how American Christian fundamentalist and other forms of Christianity interpret the Bible.

While American fundamentalists tend to interpret the Bible literally and to view Genesis as a true and accurate account of creation, mainstream Protestants in both the United States and Europe instead treat Genesis as metaphorical, the researchers say.

“Whether it’s the Bible or the Koran, there are some people who think it’s everything you need to know,” Miller said. “Other people say these are very interesting metaphorical stories in that they give us guidance, but they’re not science books.”

This latter view is also shared by the Catholic Church.

Politics and the Flat Earth

Politics is also contributing to America's widespread confusion about evolution, the researchers say. Major political parties in the United States are more willing to make opposition to evolution a prominent part of their campaigns to garner conservative votes—something that does not happen in Europe or Japan.

Miller says that it makes about as much sense for politicians to oppose evolution in their campaigns as it is for them to advocate that the Earth is flat and promise to pass legislation saying so if elected to office.

"You can pass any law you want but it won't change the shape of the Earth," Miller told LiveScience.

Paul Meyers, a biologist at the University of Minnesota who was not involved in the study, says that what politicians should be doing is saying, 'We ought to defer these questions to qualified authorities and we should have committees of scientists and engineers who we will approach for the right answers."

The researchers also single out the poor grasp of biological concepts, especially genetics, by American adults as an important contributor to the country's low confidence in evolution.

“The more you understand about genetics, the more you understand about the unity of life and the relationship humans have to other forms of life,” Miller said.

The current study also analyzed the results from a 10-country survey in which adults were tested with 10 true or false statements about basic concepts from genetics. One of the statements was "All plants and animals have DNA." Americans had a median score of 4. (The correct answer is "yes.")

Science alone is not enough

But the problem is more than one of education—it goes deeper, and is a function of our country's culture and history, said study co-author Eugenie Scott, director of the National Center for Science Education in California.

“The rejection of evolution is not something that will be solved by throwing science at it,” Scott said in a telephone interview.

Myers expressed a similar sentiment. About the recent trial in Dover, Pennsylvania which ruled against intelligent design, Myers said "it was a great victory for our side and it’s done a lot to help ensure that we keep religion out of the classroom for a while longer, but it doesn’t address the root causes. The creationists are still creationists—they're not going to change because of a court decision."

Scott says one thing that will help is to have Catholics and mainstream Protestants speak up about their theologies' acceptance of evolution.

"There needs to be more addressing of creationism from these more moderate theological perspectives," Scott said. “The professional clergy and theologians whom I know tend to be very reluctant to engage in that type of ‘my theology versus your theology’ discussion, but it matters because it’s having a negative effect on American scientific literacy."

The latest packaging of creationism is intelligent design, or ID, a conjecture which claims that certain features of the natural world are so complex that they could only be the work of a Supreme Being. ID proponents say they do not deny that evolution is true, only that scientists should not rule out the possibility of supernatural intervention.

But scientists do not share doubts over evolution. They argue it is one of the most well tested theories around, supported by countless tests done in many different scientific fields. Scott says promoting uncertainty about evolution is just as bad as denying it outright and that ID and traditional creationism both spread the same message.

“Both are saying that evolution is bad science, that evolution is weak and inadequate science, and that it can’t do the job so therefore God did it,” she said.

Another view

Bruce Chapman, the president of the Discovery Institute, the primary backer of ID, has a different view of the study.

"A better explanation for the high percentage of doubters of Darwinism in America may be that this country's citizens are famously independent and are not given to being rolled by an ideological elite in any field," Chapman said. "In particular, the growing doubts about Darwinism undoubtedly reflect growing doubts among scientists about Darwinian theory. Over 640 have now signed a public dissent and the number keeps growing."

Nick Matzke of the National Center for Science Education in California points out, however, that most of the scientists Chapman refers to do not do research in the field of evolution.

"If you look at the list, you can't find anybody who's really a significant contributor to the field or anyone who's done recognizable work on evolution," Matzke said.

Scott says the news is not all bad. The number of American adults unsure about the validity of evolution has increased in recent years, from 7 to 21 percent, but growth in this demographic comes at the expense of the other two groups. The percentage of Americans accepting evolution has declined, but so has the percentage of those who overtly reject it.

"I was very surprised to see that. To me that means the glass is half full,” Scott said. “That 21 percent we can educate."






5 Comments:

At 8/18/2006 7:24 AM, vjack said...

Sadly, this is about far more than creationism. Whether it is the constant attacks on evolution, support for ineffective abstinece-only programs, opposition to stem cell research, etc., science is being assaulted by Christian extremists. Their beliefs put them at odds with the reality-based community, and they are deeply threatened by reason. Therefore, they feel compelled to oppose it.

 
At 8/18/2006 8:05 AM, Ben said...

That is absurd. I'm speechless.

 
At 8/18/2006 8:36 AM, Eric said...

Irrationality breeds irrationality. These statistics are very similar to the number of people in this and other countries that believe in god.

Fundamentalists and evangelicals try to rationalize the most non-rational of decisions in their lives and we end up with this. People that can rationalize away or have been "protected from" facts about the world around us.

 
At 8/27/2006 11:45 PM, Eliza said...

The state of scientific knowledge in the US is a sad thing. Programs like "Darwin's Deadly Legacy" being shown on tv this weekend, put out by Coral Ridge ministries' Dr. Kennedy, don't help. The show alledges that the theory of evolution is to blame for the Nazi atrocities based on the belief of being racially superior and being able to create a "perfect" race. The show features the scientific luminary Anne Coulter. What a joke. The end conclusion--"no Darwin, No Hitler."
So scary to think there are so many weak minded individuals who will swallow this. Never mind that Nazi's also exploited some religious hostilities towards Jews to further their ends or that there have been many instances of people using the Bible or religion to justify bad behavior. I doubt Dr. Kennedy will be drawing the conclusion that religion is the basis much evil though.

 
At 9/04/2006 10:45 PM, Kim Cook said...

I get so flustered when I hear that there are people surrounding me that question evolution. I feel like they are saying that the Earth is a Triangle! Or that an old white man with a long beard lives in the clouds and watches over us. (How can anyone find that comforting - I think it's kind of creepy!)
It is such a breath of fresh air to hear well spoken people speak about facts. I'm tired of feeling like the outsider - Like I worship a devil or have no reasons not to murder when in reality - I just woke up one day and thought about it. thanks for you site.
www.wokeupandthought.blogspot.com

 

Post a Comment

Links to this post:

Create a Link

<< Home